Морфо-функциональная характеристика гемолимфы Littorina littorea (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) в норме и при заражении партенитами трематод

Выводы:

1. Основными эффекторными элементами ВЗС L. littorea являются подвижные клетки гемолимфы — агранулярные гемоциты, представленные тремя субпопуляциями — ювенильными, переходными и зрелыми клетками.

2. Основными камбиальными элементами клеток гемолимфы L. littorea являются ювенильные диффузно распределенные гемобласты. При этом пролиферация гемоцитов осуществляется внутри лакун и синусов циркуляторной системы животного. Все клетки гемолимфы L. littorea представляют собой одну линию дифференцировки.

3. Основные характеристики популяции клеток гемолимфы (гемограмма) L. littorea, а также пролиферативная активность гемоцитов существенно варьируют в течение летнего сезона. Изменения гемограммы L. littorea могут быть индуцированы экспериментально путем инъекции моллюскам суспензий бактерий, клеточных стенок грибов или секреторно-экскреторных продуктов партенит трематод.

4. Гемоциты L. littorea способны к адгезии к чужеродным поверхностям, агрегации, фагоцитозу, синтезу активных радикалов кислорода и цитотоксических факторов. Наличие зависимости между клеточным составом гемолимфы моллюсков этого вида и интенсивностью основных проявлений активности гемоцитами позволяет использовать параметры гемограммы для оценки статуса ВЗС моллюсков.

5. В плазме гемолимфы L. littorea присутствуют факторы, обладающие опсонизирующей активностью по отношению к клеткам грибов. Факторов, обладающих агглютинирующей и гемолитической активностью в плазме литторины не обнаружено. Сравнительный анализ двух последних групп плазматических факторов у представителей Gastropoda и Bivalvia выявил значительные различия в организации гуморального звена ВЗС у представителей этих таксонов.

6. Основные механизмы воздействия партенит трематод на клетки гемолимфы L, littorea сводятся к нарушению нормальных процессов пролиферации и дифференцировки гемоцитов. Спороцисты R. parvicaudata способны измененять пути дифференцировки гемоцитов. Редии H. elongata индуцируют «ювенилизацию» клеточной популяции гемолимфы, а также оказывают прямое ингибирующее влияние на проявление активности зрелых клеток. Из пассивных стратегий взаимодействия с внутренней защитной системой хозяина редии трематод этого вида используют углеводную мимикрию.

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