Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ: Triticum aestivum L
ΠΠ° Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ 230 ΠΌΠ»Π½. Π³Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ 500 ΠΌΠ»Π½. Ρ. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π ΠΠ ΠΊ 2030 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ >
- Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- ΠΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ°
- ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°
- ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ
- ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π° 1. ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
- 1. 1. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ
- 1. 2. ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ in vitro
- 1. 2. 1. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ
- 1. 2. 2. Π Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ
- 1. 3. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
- 1. 3. 1. ΠΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
- 1. 3. 2. ΠΠ³ΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
- 1. 3. 3. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
- 1. 3. 4. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ
- 1. 4. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
- 1. 4. 1. ΠΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ
- 1. 4. 2. ΠΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ
- 1. 4. 3. ΠΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ
- 1. 4. 4. ΠΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π³Π΅ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ
- 1. 4. 5. ΠΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π·Π°ΡΡΡ Π΅
- 1. 4. 6. Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°
- 1. 5. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
- 1. 5. 1. Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
- 1. 5. 2. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
- 1. 5. 3. ΠΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ: Triticum aestivum L (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ)
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² 43 ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Ρ Π»Π΅Π±Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π»Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉΠ½Π°, Π΅Π΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ (22 ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°), Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π²Π°, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ: ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠ°Ρ (Triticum aestivum L.), ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ 95% ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ {Π’. durum), Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 5% ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ (Patnaik ΠΈ Khurana, 2001). ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π»Π΅Π±Π°, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, Π±ΠΈΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Π²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° (Π’Π°Π±Π». 1). ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π³ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ°, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ.
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° 1. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π°, %*.
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ 72% 80%.
Π‘ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ 13,3 26,6 11,8 12,0.
ΠΠΈΡ 2,0 10,9 1,2 1,3.
ΠΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° 1,7 4,3 0,46 0,65.
ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° 2,3 2,5 0,40 0,50.
ΠΡ. ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ 68,7 44,2 74,1 73,6.
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π° 12,0 11,5 12,0 12,0.
— Π¨ΠΠ, 1965 Π³.
ΠΠ° Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ 230 ΠΌΠ»Π½. Π³Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ 500 ΠΌΠ»Π½. Ρ. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π ΠΠ ΠΊ 2030 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 8 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 21-Π³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ — ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ/Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ/Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ, Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, Π² ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ — ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊ Π² Π‘Π¨Π Π² 1964 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π» 142 Ρ/Π³Π°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ 23 Ρ/Π³Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π°Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ· Π°Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ², Π° ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ.
Π£ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ. Π’Π°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ 6−8 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΠΈΠ±Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.
Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ¬Π£ΠͺΠΊΠ΅, ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΈΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ-Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ.
ΠΠ«ΠΠΠΠ«.
1. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ.
2. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π·ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
3. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
4. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² gfp ΠΈ gus Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π’) 28-ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
13-ΡΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ².
5. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ , ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π²ΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π° «ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°».
Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
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